ABSTRACT Background: In spite of important functions the ground vegetation performs, the research on global change and human impact on forests has traditionally focused on tree layer. We have analyzed the influence of clear-cuttings on ground vegetation biomass (GVB), fractional structure and annual increment of dwarf shrubs (bilberry and cowberry) shoots. The investigation was carried out at clear-cut areas of the Scots pine forests in the European North-East of Russia. Results: The GVB value after clear-cutting increased by 1.9−2.4 times. The GVB values at particular technological elements of clear-cuts (apiaries, skidding tracks) were obtained. On skidding tracks, the biomass was by 1.2-1.7 time less than that on apiaries. Among individual species, Vaccinium vitis-idaea L., Pleurozium schreberi (Willd. ex Brid.) and Dicranum polysetum Sw. demonstrated a positive reaction to clear-cutting but mosses of the Sphagnum L. genus reacted negatively. Invasion of Epilobium angustifolium L. and Avenella flexuosa (L.) Drejer increased the grass biomass, especially on skidding tracks. The linear model was applied for describing the relationship between above- and underground dwarf shrub biomass. The clear-cutting had a negative effect on shoot age and mass of both bilberry and cowberry. However, comfortable light conditions raised the role of foliage in biomass and heightened the increments of studied dwarf shrubs by 1.2-1.3 time. Conclusion: Clear-cutting had a positive effect both on GVB and increment of dwarf shrubs in Scots pine forests on the European North-East.

Abstract The article reveals the importance of ideology for the social and economic development of the Russian Federation. The need for ideology based on Russian national culture is noted. Highlighted Civetta that the Russian Federation is home to the state-Russian nation, which historically right social relations with the state, which preserved the historical givenness "to live with his native in his place" and state that "formed" at the historic residence Russian. Substantiates the position, according to which the key reasons "to live by the values of its past" - is an ideological product of Russian national-cultural civilization, the most important element of consciousness of the Russian people. The obvious truth is stated that "living with one's own kind" is a tradition understandable to the whole Russian society, corresponds to the national idea, which is strong in its deep naturalness, genetic connection with the mentality of Russians. The author notes that the government shows helplessness in determining the strategic goals and objectives of the development of the Russian Federation, professes the primacy of property and consumption without measure, re-lies on "pure nothing", so it does not keep itself in the system of socio-economic development, therefore, it has no historical perspective. It is emphasized that the national-cultural ideology is the final map of the transition of our country - Russian Federation to a fundamentally new quality of internal unity. Such a transition is possible on the basis of a new ideology, which corresponds to the concept of a dialectical leap, the restructuring of relations and a radical change in the structure of society and the change of the ideology of consumption to the national-cultural ideology. It is argued that it will take a long time to wait for changes, since in the Russian Federation the claim is the very nature of state power. It is emphasized that the dictatorship of the bureaucracy has been established, the signs of which are: the inability of power to the people, the lack of responsibility for their actions by the Supreme power both during their stay in power and after, which is fraught with distortions, which were dis-cussed above.

Resumen El artículo revela la importancia de la ideología para el desarrollo social y económico de la Federación Rusa. Se observa la necesidad de una ideología basada en la cultura nacional rusa. Civetta destacó que la Federación Rusa es el hogar de la nación estado-rusa, que históricamente acertó las relaciones sociales con el estado, que preservó la certeza histórica de "vivir con su nativo en su lugar" y el estado que "se formó" en la residencia histórica rusa. Sostiene la posición, según la cual las razones clave "para vivir según los valores de su pasado" - es un producto ideológico de la civilización nacional-cultural rusa, el elemento más importante de conciencia del pueblo ruso. La verdad obvia se afirma que "vivir con la propia especie" es una tradición comprensible para toda la sociedad rusa, corresponde a la idea nacional, que es fuerte en su profunda naturalidad, conexión genética con la mentalidad de los rusos. El autor señala que el gobierno muestra impotencia para determinar las metas y objetivos estratégicos del desarrollo de la Federación de Rusia, profesa la primacía de la propiedad y el consumo sin medida, se basa en "nada puro", por lo que no se mantiene en el sistema de desarrollo socioeconómico, por lo tanto, no tiene una perspectiva histórica. Se enfatiza que la ideología nacional-cultural es el mapa final de la transición de nuestro país - Federación Rusa a una calidad fundamentalmente nueva de unidad interna. Tal transición es posible sobre la base de una nueva ideología, que corresponde al concepto de un salto dialéctico, la reestructuración de las relaciones y un cambio radical en la estructura de la sociedad y el cambio de la ideología del consumo a la ideología cultural nacional. Se argumenta que tomará mucho tiempo esperar los cambios, ya que en la Federación de Rusia el reclamo es la naturaleza misma del poder estatal. Se enfatiza que se ha establecido la dictadura de la burocracia, cuyos signos son: la incapacidad del poder para la gente, la falta de responsabilidad por sus acciones por parte del Poder Supremo tanto durante su permanencia en el poder como después, lo cual es tenso con distorsiones, que se discutieron anteriormente.